Policies for African Development : From the 1980s to the 1990s /

Despite economic hardships during the past 20 years, Africa has recently enjoyed positive real economic growth, transformed its economic structures and systems, and improved living standards. Much of this owes to the determined pursuit of growth-oriented adjustment efforts, with IMF support, by near...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Author:	Patel, I. G (Indraprasad Gordhanbhai), 1924-
Format:	Book
Language:	English
Published:	Washington, D.C. : International Monetary Fund, 1992
Series:	IMF eLibrary
Subjects:	Access to debt Acquisition of technology Actual debt Adjustment lending Adjustment loan Adjustment period Adjustment process Adjustment program Adjustment programmes Adjustment programs Adjustment strategies Aggregate demand Agricultural commodities Agricultural exports Agricultural trade liberalization Agricultural trade Aid conditionality Amortization payments Amount of debt Balance of payments Bank assets Bank creditors Bank debt Bank loans Bank representatives Bankers Banking system Banking Bilateral agreements Bilateral aid Bilateral creditors Bilateral debt Bilateral donors Brain drain Budget deficit Budget expenditures Capital expenditure Capital formation Central bank Central banks Commercial bank debt Commercial borrowing Commercial credit Commercial creditors Commercial debt Commercial debts Commercial loans Commodity export Commodity exports Commodity prices Common markets Comparative advantage Competitive position Competitive price Concessional debt Conditionality Consumer subsidies Corporate debt Credit ceilings Credit control Credit institutions Credit policies Credit restraint Creditor countries Creditor Creditors Current account balance Current account balances Current account deficit Current account deficits Current account Debt alleviation Debt burden Debt burdens Debt conversion Debt crisis Debt data Debt forgiveness Debt management policies Debt management Debt negotiations Debt outstanding Debt overhang Debt problem Debt problems Debt profile Debt ratios Debt reduction Debt reductions Debt relief initiatives Debt relief Debt repayment Debt rescheduling Debt restructuring Debt service Debt services Debt servicing Debt situation Debt situations Debt stock Debt stocks Debt strategy Debt Debt- service Debt-equity Debt-relief Debt-service obligations Debt-service Debtor countries Debtor country Debtor governments Debtors Debts Deficit financing Deficits Developing country exports Development financing Development Differential interest rates Disintermediation Domestic borrowing Domestic competition Domestic consumption Domestic currencies Domestic currency Domestic demand Domestic distortions Domestic economic policies Domestic economy Domestic financing Domestic investment Domestic investors Domestic market Domestic prices Domestic producers Domestic resources Domestic saving Domestic savings Donor government Duty free Duty-free access Economic adjustment Economic community Economic cooperation Economic growth Economic integration Economic outcomes Enhanced structural adjustment facilities Enterprise sector Equilibrium exchange rate Equity markets Excessive debt Exchange earnings Exchange rate changes Exchange rate depreciation Exchange rate depreciations Exchange rate fluctuations Exchange rate policies Exchange rate policy Exchange rate regimes Exchange rate Exchange retention Expanding export Expansion of export Expenditures Export credit Export dependence Export diversification Export earnings Export expansion Export growth Export interest Export market Export performance Export potential Export price Export prices Export products Export promotion policy Export promotion strategy Export promotion Export restraints Export revenue Export sector Export sectors Export supply Export trade Export value Export volumes Exporter Exporters Exporting countries Exporting country External borrowing External capital requirements External debt burden External debt servicing External debt External debt-service obligations External debts External finance External financing External funding External indebtedness External loans External obligations External payment External payments arrears External payments External position External resource External resources External shock External shocks External trade barriers External trade Fiscal deficit Fiscal deficits Fiscal policy Fixed investment Foreign aid Foreign borrowing Foreign capital Foreign debt Foreign exchange earnings Foreign exchange retention Foreign exchange Foreign investment Foreign loans Foreign trade Free competition Free trade Gdp growth rates Gdp growth Global trade Global trading Government debt Government deficit Government expenditure Government expenditures Gross domestic product Growth rates Highly indebted countries Import costs Import demand Import duties Import liberalization Import price Import prices Import products Import quotas Import restrictions Import sources Import substitution Imported inputs Importing countries Income distribution Income losses Increasing exports Increasing trade Indebted countries Installments Interest capitalization Interest charges Interest Intermediate goods Intermediate imports International lending International trade International trading Investment flows Investment goods Liabilities Liberalization efforts Liberalization of trade Liberalized trade Loan disbursements Loans Long-term debt Macroeconomic stability Macroeconomic stabilization Manufactured exports Market liberalization Member country Merchandise trade Most-favored-nation Multilateral agencies Multilateral creditors Multilateral debt Multilateral initiatives Multilateral talks Multilateral trade negotiations Multilateral trade Net debt Net inflows Nominal interest rates Non-oil commodity prices Non-oil commodity Nonconcessional debt Nontariff barriers Nontradable goods Obligations Official creditors Oil exporters Oil exporting countries Oil exporting Oil importers Oil imports Oil prices Oil shock Open trade Output growth Outstanding debt Outward-looking strategies Overdue charges Payment arrears Payments Per capita income growth Per capita income Per capita incomes Political costs Political leaders Poverty alleviation Preferential margins Preferential treatment Price liberalization Price stability Private consumption Private creditors Private debt Privatization of public enterprises Prudential regulation Public enterprise sector Public enterprise Public enterprises Public expenditure Public finances Public sector management Rapid import liberalization Recent liberalization Reducing trade barriers Refinance Regional integration Regional trade integration Regional trade Regulatory environment Regulatory framework Repayment Repayments Repurchases Reserve asset Reserve bank Reserve holdings Reserve management Resource mobilization Restructuring Revenue collection Rules of origin Secondary markets Share of export Share of world exports Short-term debt Social unrest Soft loans Stock of debt Structural adjustment facilities Structural adjustment loan Structural adjustment policies Structural adjustment process Structural adjustment program Structural adjustment programs Structural adjustment reform Structural adjustment reforms Structural adjustment Structural adjustments Substantial debt relief Substantial debt Substantial debts Suppliers credits Tariff heading Tariff preferences Tax collection Tax evasion Tax incentives Tax reforms Tax revenues Tax systems Taxes Terms of debt Terms of trade Total debt stocks Total external debt Trade barriers Trade data Trade deficit Trade dependence Trade expansion Trade harmonization Trade integration Trade levels Trade liberalization measures Trade liberalization Trade links Trade negotiations Trade partner Trade policies Trade reforms Trade regime Trade restrictions Trade Trading arrangements Trading opportunities Trading partners Trading system Transfer of technology Transport costs Value of exports Voluntary export restraints World debt tables World demand World economy World exports World market World trade liberalization World trade World trading system Botswana Central African Republic Gambia, The Ghana Guinea-Bissau Lesotho Madagascar Nigeria Tanzania Zambia

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Policies for African Development : From the 1980s to the 1990s /

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