Pope Leo X
![Detail from [[Raphael]]'s ''[[Portrait of Leo X (Raphael)|Portrait of Leo X]]''](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b2/Raffaello%2C_ritratto_di_papa_leone_X_tra_i_cardinali_luigi_de%27_rossi_e_giulio_de%27_medici%2C_1518%2C_03.jpg)
Born into the prominent political and banking Medici family of Florence, Giovanni was the second son of Lorenzo de' Medici, ruler of the Florentine Republic, and was elevated to the cardinalate in 1489. Following the death of Pope Julius II, Giovanni was elected pope after securing the backing of the younger members of the College of Cardinals. Early on in his rule he oversaw the closing sessions of the Fifth Council of the Lateran, but struggled to implement the reforms agreed. In 1517 he led a costly war that succeeded in securing his nephew Lorenzo di Piero de' Medici as Duke of Urbino, but reduced papal finances.
In Protestant circles, Leo is associated with granting indulgences for those who donated to reconstruct St. Peter's Basilica, a practice that was soon challenged by Martin Luther's ''95 Theses''. Leo rejected the Protestant Reformation, and his Papal bull of 1520, ''Exsurge Domine'', condemned Luther's condemnatory stance, rendering ongoing communication difficult.
He borrowed and spent money without circumspection and was a significant patron of the arts. Under his reign, Marco Girolamo Vida began composing at the Pope's request a Virgilian Latin epic poem about the life of Jesus called the ''Christiad'', progress was made on the rebuilding of St. Peter's Basilica, and artists such as Raphael decorated the Vatican rooms. Leo also reorganised the Roman University, and promoted Renaissance humanist study of literature, poetry, and Classics. He died in 1521 and is buried in Santa Maria sopra Minerva, Rome. He was the last pope not to have been in priestly orders at the time of his election to the papacy. Provided by Wikipedia
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3by Leo X, Pope, 1475-1521
Published 1520
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5by Leo X, Pope, 1475-1521
Published 1513
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6by Leo X, Pope, 1475-1521
Published 1520
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7by Leo X, Pope, 1475-1521
Published 1520
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8by Leo X, Pope, 1475-1521
Published 1520
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9by Leo X, Pope, 1475-1521
Published 1520
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10by Leo X, Pope, 1475-1521
Published 1522
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11by Leo X, Pope, 1475-1521
Published 1515
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12by Leo X, Pope, 1475-1521
Published 1521
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14by Leo X, Pope, 1475-1521
Published 1518
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16by Leo X, Pope, 1475-1521
Published 1520
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17by Leo X, Pope, 1475-1521
Published 1513
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18by Leo X, Pope, 1475-1521
Published 1520
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19by Leo X, Pope, 1475-1521
Published 1516
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20by Leo X, Pope, 1475-1521
Published 1520
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