Philip Danforth Armour
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During the American Civil War, Armour capitalized on the opportunity to sell meat to the United States Army, making millions in the process. In 1875, he moved his base to Chicago. His innovations included bringing live hogs to the metropolis for slaughter, inventing an assembly line system for the dis-assembly of hogs, canning the product, economy of scale and efficiency in detail. He systematically utilized waste products, boasting that he made use of "everything but the squeal". The introduction of refrigerated rail cars opened a national market for him and competitors such as Gustavus Swift. Armour expanded into banking and speculation on the futures market for pork and wheat by 1900, his plants employed 15,000 workers; his own wealth was in the range of $50 million (~$}} in ). The urgent Army need for meat during the Spanish–American War of 1898 led to highly publicized complaints about "embalmed beef." Armour retired from business in 1899, and devoted himself to philanthropy in the Chicago area, including low-cost housing for industrial workers, and the major institution of higher education, the Armour Institute of Technology (now part of Illinois Institute of Technology). Provided by Wikipedia
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4by Armour, Philip G
Published 2004
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5by Groeber, Ginger, Armour, Philip, Bharadwaj, Shreyas, Chindea, Irina A., Crosby, Brandon, DiNicola, Samantha E., Keller, Kirsten M., Tunstall, Ellen E.
Published 2021
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7Published 2017“...Armour, Philip / Hurd, Michael D. / Rohwedder, Susann --...”
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