The coding manual for qualitative researchers /

The coding manual for qualitative researchers /

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The second edition of Johnny Saldaña's international bestseller provides an in-depth guide to the multiple approaches available for coding qualitative data

Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Saldaña, Johnny, Saldaña, Johnny
Format: Book
Language:English
Published: Los Angeles : SAGE, 2013
Los Angeles : c2013
Los Angeles : 2013
Edition:2nd ed
Subjects:
Qualitative research > Data processing
Qualitative research
Social sciences > Research
Table of Contents:
  • -- Closure 259
  • 1 An Introduction to Codes and Coding 1
  • Chapter Summary 1
  • Purposes of the Manual 1
  • What is a Code? 3
  • Coding examples 4
  • Coding for patterns 5
  • Coding filters 7
  • Coding as a heuristic 8
  • Codifying and Categorizing 9
  • From codes to categories 9
  • Recoding and recategorizing 10
  • From codes and categories to theory 12
  • The differences between codes and themes 14
  • What Gets Coded? 15
  • Units of social organization 15
  • The coded researcher 16
  • Amounts of data to code 16
  • The Mechanics of Coding 17
  • Data layout 17
  • Pre-coding 19
  • Preliminary jottings 20
  • Questions to consider as you code 21
  • Coding contrasting data 22
  • The Numbers of Codes 22
  • "Lumping" and "splitting" the data 22
  • The quantities of qualities 24
  • The codebook or code list 24
  • Manual and CAQDAS Coding 25
  • Coding manually 26
  • Coding electronically 28
  • Data formatting for CAQDAS 30
  • Coding capabilities with CAQDAS 30
  • Searches and queries with CAQDAS 32
  • Solo and Team Coding 34
  • Coding collaboratively 34
  • Coding solo 35
  • Necessary Personal Attributes for Coding 36
  • On Method 37
  • Critiques against coding 38
  • Coding as craft 40
  • 2 Writing Analytic Memos 41
  • Chapter Summary 41
  • The Purposes of Analytic Memo Writing 41
  • What is an Analytic Memo? 41
  • Examples of Analytic Memos 43
  • Reflection and refraction 50
  • Coding and Categorizing Analytic Memos 50
  • Analytic memos generate codes and categories 51
  • Grounded Theory and its Coding Canon 51
  • Analytic Memos on Visual Data 52
  • Documents and artifacts 54
  • Live and video recorded action 55
  • Recommended guidance 56
  • 3 First Cycle Coding Methods 58
  • Chapter Summary 58
  • The Coding Cycles 58
  • Selecting the Appropriate Coding Method(s) 59
  • Various perspectives on coding decisions 60
  • Research question alignment 60
  • Paradigmatic, conceptual, and methodological considerations 61
  • Coding and a priori goals 62
  • Coding in mixed methods studies 62
  • Exploratory coding 63
  • "Generic" coding methods 64
  • New and hybrid coding schemes 64
  • General criteria for coding decisions 64
  • On overwhelming fear 66
  • Overview of First Cycle Coding Methods 66
  • The Coding Methods Profiles 67
  • Sources 67
  • Description 67
  • Applications 67
  • Example 68
  • Analysis 68
  • Notes 69
  • Grammatical Methods 69
  • Attribute Coding 69
  • Sources 69
  • Description 70
  • Applications 70
  • Examples 70
  • Analysis 71
  • Notes 72
  • Magnitude Coding 72
  • Sources 72
  • Description 72
  • Applications 73
  • Examples 73
  • Analysis 75
  • Notes 77
  • Subcoding 77
  • Sources 77
  • Description 77
  • Applications 78
  • Example 78
  • Analysis 79
  • Notes 80
  • Simultaneous Coding 80
  • Sources 80
  • Description 80
  • Applications 80
  • Examples 81
  • Analysis 82
  • Notes 83
  • Elemental Methods 83
  • Structural Coding 84
  • Sources 84
  • Description 84
  • Applications 84
  • Example 84
  • Analysis 86
  • Notes 87
  • Descriptive Coding 87
  • Sources 87
  • Description 88
  • Applications 88
  • Example 88
  • Analysis 89
  • Notes 91
  • In Vivo Coding 91
  • Sources 91
  • Description 91
  • Applications 91
  • Example 92
  • Analysis 92
  • Notes 95
  • Process Coding 96
  • Sources 96
  • Description 96
  • Applications 96
  • Example 97
  • Analysis 98
  • Notes 100
  • Initial Coding 100
  • Sources 100
  • Description 100
  • Applications 101
  • Example 101
  • Analysis 103
  • Notes 105
  • Affective Methods 105
  • Emotion Coding 105
  • Sources 105
  • Description 105
  • Applications 105
  • Example 106
  • Analysis 107
  • Notes 110
  • Values Coding 110
  • Sources 110
  • Description 110
  • Applications 111
  • Example 111
  • Analysis 112
  • Notes 115
  • Versus Coding 115
  • Sources 115
  • Description 115
  • Applications 115
  • Example 116
  • Analysis 116
  • Notes 118
  • Evaluation Coding 119
  • Sources 119
  • Description 119
  • Applications 119
  • Example 119
  • Analysis 121
  • Notes 122
  • Literary and Language Methods 123
  • Dramaturgical Coding 123
  • Sources 123
  • Description 123
  • Applications 124
  • Example 124
  • Analysis 125
  • Notes 127
  • Motif Coding 128
  • Sources 128
  • Description 128
  • Applications 128
  • Example 129
  • Analysis 130
  • Notes 131
  • Narrative Coding 131
  • Sources 131
  • Description 131
  • Applications 132
  • Example 132
  • Analysis 133
  • Notes 136
  • Verbal Exchange Coding 136
  • Sources 136
  • Description 136
  • Applications 138
  • Example 138
  • Analysis 140
  • Notes 141
  • Exploratory Methods 141
  • Holistic Coding 142
  • Sources 142
  • Description 142
  • Applications 142
  • Example 143
  • Analysis 143
  • Notes 144
  • Provisional Coding 144
  • Sources 144
  • Description 144
  • Applications 144
  • Example 145
  • Analysis 146
  • Notes 147
  • Hypothesis Coding 147
  • Sources 147
  • Description 147
  • Applications 147
  • Example 148
  • Analysis 149
  • Notes 150
  • Procedural Methods 150
  • Protocol Coding 151
  • Sources 151
  • Description 151
  • Applications 151
  • Example 152
  • Analysis 153
  • Notes 153
  • OCM (Outline of Cultural Materials) Coding 154
  • Sources 154
  • Description 154
  • Applications 155
  • Example 155
  • Analysis 156
  • Notes 157
  • Domain and Taxonomic Coding 157
  • Sources 157
  • Description 157
  • Applications 159
  • Example 159
  • Analysis 161
  • Notes 163
  • Causation Coding 163
  • Sources 163
  • Description 163
  • Applications 165
  • Example 166
  • Analysis 169
  • Notes 174
  • Themeing the Data 175
  • Sources 175
  • Description 175
  • Applications 176
  • Example 177
  • Analysis 178
  • Notes 181
  • Metasummary and metasynthesis 181
  • 4 After First Cycle Coding 187
  • Chapter Summary 187
  • Post-Coding Transitions 187
  • Eclectic Coding 188
  • Sources 188
  • Description 188
  • Applications 188
  • Example 189
  • Analysis 190
  • Dramaturgical code array 192
  • Analytic memo 192
  • Notes 193
  • Code Mapping and Landscaping 194
  • Code mapping 194
  • Code landscaping 199
  • Operational Model Diagramming 202
  • Additional Transition Methods 204
  • Tabletop categories 205
  • From codes to themes 205
  • "Shop talking" through the study 206
  • Transitioning to Second Cycle Coding Methods 206
  • 5 Second Cycle Coding Methods 207
  • Chapter Summary 207
  • The Goals of Second Cycle Methods 207
  • Overview of Second Cycle Coding Methods 209
  • Second Cycle Coding Methods 209
  • Pattern Coding 209
  • Source 209
  • Description 210
  • Applications 210
  • Example 210
  • Analysis 211
  • Notes 213
  • Focused Coding 213
  • Source 213
  • Description 213
  • Applications 213
  • Example 213
  • Analysis 215
  • Notes 217
  • Axial Coding 218
  • Sources 218
  • Description 218
  • Applications 218
  • Example 218
  • Analysis 221
  • Notes 223
  • Theoretical Coding 223
  • Sources 223
  • Description 223
  • Applications 224
  • Example 224
  • Analysis 226
  • Notes 228
  • Elaborative Coding 229
  • Source 229
  • Description 229
  • Applications 229
  • Example 229
  • Analysis 231
  • Notes 234
  • Longitudinal Coding 234
  • Sources 234
  • Description 234
  • Applications 237
  • Example 238
  • Analysis 240
  • Notes 242
  • 6 After Second Cycle Coding 246
  • Chapter Summary 246
  • Post-Coding and Pre-Writing Transitions 246
  • Focusing Strategies 247
  • The "top 10" list 247
  • The study's "trinity" 247
  • Codeweaving 248
  • The "touch test" 249
  • From Coding to Theorizing 249
  • Elements of a theory 250
  • Categories of categories 250
  • Categories and analytic memos as sources for theory 252
  • Formatting Matters 253
  • Rich text emphasis 253
  • Headings and subheadings 253
  • Findings "at a glance" 254
  • Writing About Coding 254
  • Ordering and Reordering 256
  • Analytic storylining 257
  • One thing at a time 257
  • Begin with the conclusion 258
  • Assistance from Others 258
  • Peer and online support 258
  • Searching for "buried treasure" 259
  • An introduction to codes and coding
  • Writing analytic memos
  • First cycle coding methods
  • After first cycle coding
  • Second cycle coding methods
  • After second cycle coding
  • Post-coding and pre-writing
  • Appendix A. A glossary of coding methods
  • Appendix B. A glossary of analytic recommendations
  • Appendix C Field note, interview transcript, and document samples for coding
  • Appendix D. Exercises and activities for coding and qualitative data analytic skill development.

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