An introduction to health planning in developing countries /
The importance of planning in the health sector has become widely recognized in recent years. Planning involves deciding how resources should be allocated, and determining how to implement these decisions. For developing countries attempting to improve poor levels of health with extremely limited re...
| Main Authors: | , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Book |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Oxford ; New York :
Oxford University Press,
1992
Oxford [England] ; New York : 1992 Oxford [England] ; New York : 1992 |
| Series: | Oxford medical publications
Oxford medical publications |
| Subjects: |
Table of Contents:
- 1. What is planning, and why plan? Development of formalized planning. Health planning. Rationale for health planning. What is allocative planning? Scarcity and choice
- the basis for planning. What is meant by the term 'health'? Different perspectives on health. The market as a means of determining allocations. The state's responsibilities in the health sector. State attitudes to different types of health care. Attitudes to health planning. Planning as a technocratic or as a political activity
- 2. Approaches to planning. Planning models. Realistic rational planning. Planning as a political process. Private- and public-sector planning. Planning activities and terms
- 3. Planning for Primary Health Care. Origins of Primary Health Care. The Alma-Ata Declaration. Equity. Community participation. A multisectoral approach to health. Appropriate technology. A health-promotive and preventive approach. Decentralization. Obstacles to the implementation of a Primary Health Care approach
- 1 What is planning, and why plan? Development of formalized planning. Health planning. Rationale for health planning. What is allocative planning? Scarcity and choice - the basis for planning. What is meant by the term 'health'? Different perspectives on health. The market as a means of determining allocations. The state's responsibilities in the health sector. State attitudes to different types of health care. Attitudes to health planning. Planning as a technocratic or as a political activity
- 2. Approaches to planning. Planning models. Realistic rational planning. Planning as a political process. Private- and public-sector planning. Planning activities and terms
- 3. Planning for Primary Health Care. Origins of Primary Health Care. The Alma-Ata Declaration. Equity. Community participation. A multisectoral approach to health. Appropriate technology. A health-promotive and preventive approach. Decentralization. Obstacles to the implementation of a Primary Health Care approach. Implications for the health planning system
- 4. Planning for health. Importance of the non-state sector. Development of government policies and plans towards the non-state sector. Non-governmental organizations. Other non-state sectors. Planning for multisectoralism. Planning for health
- 5. Financing health care. The context. Alternative strategies to increase effective resource levels. Criteria for choosing a financing system. Alternative approaches to financing health care. Planning and financing for PHC
- 6. Information for planning. What is information and why do we need it? Paralysis by analysis. Accuracy of information. Spatial and time considerations. Level of aggregation of information. Type of information. Information systems
- 7. Situational analysis. Health and demographic situation. Services and resources. The policy and political environment. Analysis of the situation. Who should carry out the situational analysis?
- 8. Setting priorities. Health and need. Need as perceived by the community and by the health professions. Underlying perceptions of health. Who should set priorities? Establishing priorities within a planning framework. Priority-setting and Primary Health Care
- 9. Costs and costing. What is meant by costs? Whose costs? Real or market costs? Costing methods. Levels of accuracy and sources of information. Unit costs. Recurrent cost coefficients. Costs relationships. Apportionment of joint costs. Cash-flow analysis
- 10. Option appraisal and evaluation. Economic appraisal techniques. Option appraisal and economic appraisal. Forms and checklists. Option appraisal and programming. Appraisal and evaluation. Evaluation. Evaluations and situational analysis
- 11. Resource-allocation and budgeting. Different forms of budget. Budgeting and resource-allocation approaches. The budgeting process. Financial management and accounting
- 12. Programmes, projects, implementation, and monitoring. Programmes and projects. Implementation. Causes of poor implementation. Improving the record on implementation. Monitoring. Location of projects and programmes. Implementation of services provided by other agencies
- 13. Planning human resources. What is human-resource planning? The record on human-resource planning. Why is the record on human-resource planning so poor? Human-resource planning - an approach. Assess demand. Estimate supply. Determine mismatches between the estimated demand and supply over time and location. Determine appropriate action to minimize mismatches. Regularly review and update plan. Human-resource planning implementation
- 14. Planning for the future and the future of planning. The planning system. An illustrative case study of a planning system. A planning culture.
- Causes of poor implementation. Improving the record on implementation. Monitoring. Location of projects and programmes. Implementation of services provided by other agencies
- 13. Planning human resources. What is human-resource planning? The record on human-resource planning. Why is the record on human-resource planning so poor? Human-resource planning
- an approach. Assess demand. Estimate supply. Determine mismatches between the estimated demand and supply over time and location. Determine appropriate action to minimize mismatches. Regularly review and update plan. Human-resource planning implementation
- 14. Planning for the future and the future of planning. The planning system. An illustrative case study of a planning system. A planning culture
- Implications for the health planning system
- 4. Planning for health. Importance of the non-state sector. Development of government policies and plans towards the non-state sector. Non-governmental organizations. Other non-state sectors. Planning for multisectoralism. Planning for health
- 5. Financing health care. The context. Alternative strategies to increase effective resource levels. Criteria for choosing a financing system. Alternative approaches to financing health care. Planning and financing for PHC
- 6. Information for planning. What is information and why do we need it? Paralysis by analysis. Accuracy of information. Spatial and time considerations. Level of aggregation of information. Type of information. Information systems
- 7. Situational analysis. Health and demographic situation. Services and resources. The policy and political environment. Analysis of the situation. Who should carry out the situational analysis?
- 8. Setting priorities. Health and need
- Need as perceived by the community and by the health professions. Underlying perceptions of health. Who should set priorities? Establishing priorities within a planning framework. Priority-setting and Primary Health Care
- 9. Costs and costing. What is meant by costs? Whose costs? Real or market costs? Costing methods. Levels of accuracy and sources of information. Unit costs. Recurrent cost coefficients. Costs relationships. Apportionment of joint costs. Cash-flow analysis
- 10. Option appraisal and evaluation. Economic appraisal techniques. Option appraisal and economic appraisal. Forms and checklists. Option appraisal and programming. Appraisal and evaluation. Evaluation. Evaluations and situational analysis
- 11. Resource-allocation and budgeting. Different forms of budget. Budgeting and resource-allocation approaches. The budgeting process. Financial management and accounting
- 12. Programmes, projects, implementation, and monitoring. Programmes and projects. Implementation