Bone tissue engineering /
Focusing on bone biology, Bone Tissue Engineering integrates basic sciences with tissue engineering. It includes contributions from world-renowned researchers and clinicians who discuss key topics such as different models and approaches to bone tissue engineering as well as exciting clinical applica...
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| Format: | Book |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Boca Raton :
CRC Press,
c2005
Boca Raton : ©2005 Boca Raton : [2005] |
| Subjects: |
Table of Contents:
- Section I. Basic bone biology and tissue engineering
- 1. Developmental biology of the skeletal system
- 2. Bone physiology dynamics
- 3. Cell biology of the skeletal system : osteoblasts, osteocytes, osteoclasts, bone marrow stromal cells
- Section II. Basic bone biology and scaffold designs for tissue
- 4. The organic and inorganic matrices
- 5. Signaling molecules for tissue engineering
- 6. Biodegradable polymers and microspheres in tissue envineering
- 7. Design and fabrication of bone tissue engineering scaffolds
- Section III. Applied principles of bone tissue engineering
- 8. Study design and statistical analysis
- 9. Animal models for bone tissue engineering of critical-sized defects (CSDs), bone pathologies and orthopedic disease states
- 10. Biomechanics
- Section IV. Clinical opportunities
- 11. Tissue engineering of bone
- 12. Clinical challenges and contemporary solutions : craniofacial and dental
- 13. Opportunities in spinal applications
- note: Bruce Doll
- Osteogenesis in the Fetus
- Intramembranous Ossification
- Secondary Cartilage
- Endochondral Ossification
- Appendicular Skeleton
- Development of the Mandible
- Parietal and Frontal Bones
- Bone Remodeling
- References
- Bruce Doll and Hannjörg Koch
- Bone Remodeling
- Aging and Bone Integrity
- Contribution of Cellular Components and Alterations in Gene Expression
- Molecular and Cellular Activity in Bone During Aging
- Osteogenic Activity in Aged Animals
- Age-related Bone Healing
- Blood Flow to the Bone Decreases with Age
- Bibliography
- Carol V. Gay, Henry J. Donahue, Christopher A. Siedlecki, and Erwin Vogler
- Osteoblastic and Osteocytic Biology and Bone Tissue Engineering
- Osteoblast Proliferation, Differentiation, and Function
- Regulation of Osteoblast Proliferation and Differentiation by Biological Factors
- Regulation of Osteoblast Proliferation and Differentiation by Biophysical Factors
- Role of Gap Junctional Intercellular Communication in Bone Cell Differentiation
- Effect of Biomaterials on Bone Cell Differentiation
- Summary
- Abbreviations
- Osteoclast
- Introduction
- Morphological Characteristics
- Osteoclast Generation
- Role of Osteoblasts and Stromal Cells in Osteoclast Differentiation
- Rank-Rankl Interaction in Osteoclast Formation
- Discovery of RANK, RANKL, and OPG
- Regulation of RANKL and OPG Expression in Osteoblasts and Stromal Cells
- Signaling through RANK in Osteoclasts
- Regulation of RANKL Expression in Lymphocytes
- Osteoclast Activity
- Adherence and Development of Polarity
- Assembly of the Ruffled Border and other Components of the Mature Osteoclast
- Carbonic Anhydrase
- Vacuolar ATPase
- Other Plasma Membrane Enzymes and Channels that Support Osteoclast Activity
- Proteolytic Enzymes
- Signal Pathways in Mature Osteoblasts
- Direct Activators of Osteoclast Activity
- Inhibitors of Osteoclast Activity
- Other Factors Influencing Osteoclasts
- Involvement of the Tyrosine Kinase, Src, in Osteoclast Regulation
- End of Life: Apoptosis
- Bibliography
- Adele L. Boskey
- Introduction
- Bone as a Composite
- Organic Matrix
- Collagen
- Bone Matrix Proteins
- Siblings
- Osteopontin
- Bone Sialoprotein
- Dentin Matrix Protein-1
- Dentin Sialoprotein
- MEPE
- Other Non-sibling Phosphorylated Glycoproteins
- Gla-proteins
- Matrix Gla Protein (MGP)
- Osteocalcin
- Proteoglycans
- Large Aggregating Proteoglycans
- SLRPs
- Perlecan and the Heparan Sulfate Proteoglycans
- Glycoproteins
- Thrombospondin
- Fibronectin
- Fibrillin
- Lipids
- Enzymes and Cytokines
- Applications of Bone Matrix Proteins in Tissue Engineering
- Mineral Component of Bone
- Chemical Nature of Bone Mineral
- Mechanism of Bone Mineralization
- Conclusions
- Acknowledgements
- References
- Charles Sfeir, Julie Jadlowiec, Hannjörg Koch, and Phillip Campbell
- Growth Factors as Useful Components of Tissue Engineering
- Growth Factor Introduction
- Growth Factors in Bone
- Bone-specific Signaling Molecules in Tissue Engineering
- Transforming Growth Factor Beta
- Bone Morphogenetic Proteins
- Fibroblast Growth Factors
- Insulin-like Growth Factors
- Platelet-derived Growth Factor
- Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors
- Intracellular Signaling
- Conclusion
- References
- Kacey G. Marra
- Introduction
- Polymeric Scaffolds in Bone Tissue Engineering
- Poly(Glycolic Acid)
- Poly(Lactic Acid)
- Poly(Lactic-co-Glycolic Acid)
- PLGA/Ceramic Composites
- Polypropylene Fumarate
- Other Biodegradable Polymers
- Future of Polymers in Bone Regeneration
- Polymeric Scaffolds in Neuronal Tissue Engineering
- Poly(α-Hydroxy Acids)
- Polyphosphoesters
- Nondegradable Polymers
- Polymer/Collagen Composites
- Future of Polymers in Nerve Regeneration
- Polymers in Skin Regeneration
- Native Polymers for Skin Regeneration
- Future of Polymers in Skin Regeneration
- Scaffold Fabrication
- Particulate-leaching
- Emulsion Freeze-drying
- Phase Separation
- 3D Printing
- Gas Foaming
- Future of Polymer Fabrication Techniques
- Polymer Microspheres and Growth Factor Delivery
- Growth Factors
- Polymer Microspheres
- Polymer Microspheres Within Polymer Scaffolds
- Future of Growth Factor Delivery 162
- Conclusions
- References
- Scott J. Hollister, Juan M. Toboas, Rachel M. Schek, Cheng-Yu Lin, and Tien Min Chu
- Introduction
- Hierarchical Image-Based Scaffold Design
- Need for Hierarchical Design
- Image-Based Methods for Designing Hierarchical Features
- 0th Level Global Anatomic Design Pixel Definition
- 1st Level Microstructure Design Pixel Definition
- Material Process Design
- Periodic Cell Design
- Biomimetic Design
- 2nd Level Microstructure Design Pixel Definition
- Hierarchical Scaffold Fabrication
- Scaffold Materials
- Solid Free-form Fabrication
- Creating SFF Data Input from Image-based Designs
- Direct Scaffold Fabrication via SFF
- Scaffold Fabrication via Indirect SFF and Casting
- Hydroxyapatite Scaffolds Fabricated by Indirect SFF and Casting
- Calcium Phosphate Cement Scaffolds Fabricated by Indirect SFF and Casting
- Polymer and Composite Ceramic/Polymer Scaffold Fabrication via Indirect SFF/Casting
- Conclusions
- Acknowledgments
- References
- Robert T. Rubin and Jeffrey O. Hollinger
- Introduction
- Study Design
- Categories of Study Design
- Elements of Study Development and Design
- Statistical Hypothesis Testing
- Parametric Statistical Tests
- Nonparametric Statistical Tests
- Concluding Remarks
- Acknowledgment
- References
- Mark P. Mooney and Michael I. Siegel
- Introduction: The General Utility of Animal Models for Bone Tissue Engineering
- Levels of Hypothesis Testing and Appropriate Animal Model Choice
- "Generic" Animal Models and Basic Bone-cell Biology
- Phylogenetically "Closer" Animal Models and General Clinical Issues
- Basic Bone Microarchitecture and Biomechanics
- Gross Anatomical, Functional, and Growth Considerations
- Bony Wound Healing and Critical-sized Defects
- "Fitting" the Appropriate Animal Model to Specific Human Clinical Conditions
- Conclusions
- Acknowledgments
- References
- Dennis M. Cullinane and Kristy T. Salisbury
- Introduction
- What is Biomechanics?
- How is Biomechanics Relevant to Musculoskeletal Medicine?
- How does Biomechanics Factor in Tissue Engineering?
- Why is Biomechanics Important to Skeletal Tissue Engineering?
- Anatomy and Biomechanics
- Bone as Tissue and Organ
- Types of Bones
- Trabecular vs. Cortical Bone
- Basic Mechanics
- Terminology
- Anisotropy
- Load Response: The Stress-Strain Curve
- Biomechanical Descriptors
- Mechanical Properties of Bone
- Overview
- Bone as a Mineral-organic Composite
- Mechanobiology of Bone
- Noninvasive Estimation of Bone Mechanical Properties
- Testing Considerations
- Overview
- Normalizing for Body Mass
- Bone Mechanics and Fracture Risk
- Overview
- Predicting Fractures
- Mechanobiology in Tissue Engineering
- Overview
- Mechanobiologic Models
- Tissue Engineering Models and Biomechanics
- Overview
- Summary
- References
- Sanjeev Kakar and Thomas A. Einhorn
- Introduction
- Biological Components Involved in Tissue Engineering of Bone
- Cells
- Bone Marrow Cells
- Mesenchymal Stem Cells
- Muscle Cells
- Embryonic Stem Cells
- Role of Scaffolds
- Acellular Systems
- Natural Matrices
- Synthetic Polymers
- Ceramics
- Cellular Systems
- Natural Matrices
- Synthetic Polymers
- Ceramics
- Role of Growth Factors
- Bone Morphogenetic Proteins
- Transforming Growth Factor
- Fibroblast Growth Factors
- Insulin-like Growth Factor
- Platelet-derived Growth Factor
- Gene Therapy
- Mechanical Factors
- Biology of Distraction Osteogenesis
- Physiological Factors Governing Distraction Osteogenesis
- Blood Supply
- Latency Period
- Distraction Rates
- Conclusion
- References
- James P.
- Sect. I Basic bone biology and tissue engineering / Edited by Bruce A. Doll
- Ch. 1. Developmental biology of the skeletal system / Bruce Doll
- Ch. 2. Bone physiology dynamics / Bruce Doll and Hannjorg Koch
- Ch. 3. Cell biology of the skeletal system : osteoblasts, osteocytes, osteoclasts, bone marrow stromal cells / Carol V. Gay, Henry J. Donahue, Christopher A. Siedlecki and Erwin Vogler
- Sect. II. Basic bone biology and scaffold designs for tissue / Edited by Charles Sfeir
- Ch. 4. The organic and inorganic matrices / Adele L. Boskey
- Ch. 5. Signaling molecules for tissue engineering / Charles Sfeir, Julie Jadlowiec, Hannjorg Koch and Phillip Campbell
- Ch. 6. Biodegradable polymers and microspheres in tissue engineering / Kacey G. Marra
- Ch. 7. Design and fabrication of bone tissue engineering scaffolds / Scott J. Hollister, Juan M. Toboas, Rachel M. Schek, Cheng-Yu Lin and Tien Min Chu
- Sect. III. Applied principles of bone tissue engineering / Edited by Jeffrey O. Hollinger and Thomas A. Einhorn
- Ch. 8. Study design and statistical analysis / Robert T. Rubin and Jeffrey O. Hollinger
- Ch. 9. Animal models for bone tissue engineering of critical-sized defects (CSDs), bone pathologies and orthopedic disease states / Mark P. Mooney and Michael I. Siegel
- Ch. 10. Biomechanics / Dennis M. Cullinane and Kristy T. Salisbury
- Sect. IV. Clinical opportunities / Edited by Thomas A. Einhorn and Jeffrey O. Hollinger
- Ch. 11. Tissue engineering of bone / Sanjeev Kakar and Thomas A. Einhorn
- Ch. 12. Clinical challenges and contemporary solutions : craniofacial and dental / James P. Bradley
- Ch. 13. Opportunities in spinal applications / John M. Rhee and Scott D. Boden.
- Section I Basic Bone Biology and Tissue Engineering / Bruce A. Doll
- Chapter 1 Developmental Biology of the Skeletal System / Bruce Doll 3
- Chapter 2 Bone Physiology Dynamics / Bruce Doll, Hannjorg Koch 27
- Chapter 3 Cell Biology of the Skeletal System: Osteoblasts, Osteocytes, Osteoclasts, Bone Marrow Stromal Cells / Carol V. Gay, Henry J. Donahue, Christopher A. Siedlecki, Erwin Vogler 43
- Section II Basic Bone Biology and Scaffold Designs for Tissue / Charles Sfeir
- Chapter 4 The Organic and Inorganic Matrices / Adele L. Boskey 91
- Chapter 5 Signaling Molecules for Tissue Engineering / Charles Sfeir, Julie Jadlowiec, Hannjorg Koch, Phillip Campbell 125
- Chapter 6 Biodegradable Polymers and Microspheres in Tissue Engineering / Kacey G. Marra 149
- Chapter 7 Design and Fabrication of Bone Tissue Engineering Scaffolds / Scott J. Hollister, Juan M. Toboas, Rachel M. Schek, Cheng-Yu Lin, Tien Min Chu 167
- Section III Applied Principles of Bone Tissue Engineering / Jeffrey O. Hollinger, Thomas A. Einhorn
- Chapter 8 Study Design and Statistical Analysis / Robert T. Rubin, Jeffrey O. Hollinger 195
- Chapter 9 Animal Models for Bone Tissue Engineering of Critical-size Defects (CSDs), Bone Pathologies and Orthopedic Disease States / Mark P. Mooney, Michael I. Siegel 217
- Chapter 10 Biomechanics / Dennis M. Cullinane, Kristy T. Salisbury 245
- Section IV Clinical Opportunities / Thomas A. Einhorn, Jeffrey O. Hollinger
- Chapter 11 Tissue Engineering of Bone / Sanjeev Kakar, Thomas A. Einhorn 277
- Chapter 12 Clinical Challenges and Contemporary Solutions: Craniofacial and Dental / James P. Bradley 303
- Chapter 13 Opportunities in Spinal Applications / John M. Rhee, Scott D. Boden 315
- Bradley
- Introduction
- Replacement of Missing Parts
- Skull Defects
- Ear Defect: Microtia
- Nasal Defect
- Deformities
- Cleft Lip and Palate
- Treacher-Collins Syndrome
- Craniofacial Dysostosis Syndromes
- Mandibular Anomalies
- Summary
- References
- John M. Rhee and Scott D. Boden
- Introduction
- Functions of Bone Graft
- Bone Morphogenetic Proteins
- Effect of BMP Concentration
- Effect of Carrier
- Effect of Species and Site
- Sources of BMP
- Current Uses of BMP
- BMP-2
- BMP-7 (OP-1)
- Bovine BMP Extract (bBMPx; NeOsteo)
- Safety of BMP
- Gene Therapy
- Viral vs. Nonviral Vectors
- Conclusions
- References