John Philip Sousa
![Sousa in 1922](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/69/John_Philip_Sousa_in_1922.jpg)
Sousa began his career playing violin and studying music theory and composition under John Esputa and George Felix Benkert. Sousa's father enlisted him in the United States Marine Band as an apprentice in 1868. He left the band in 1875, and over the next five years, Sousa performed as a violinist and learned to conduct. In 1880, he rejoined the Marine Band and served there for 12 years as director, after which Sousa was hired to conduct a band organized by David Blakely, P.S. Gilmore's former agent. Blakely wanted to compete with Gilmore. From 1880 until his death, Sousa focused exclusively on conducting and writing music. He aided in the development of the sousaphone, a large brass instrument similar to the helicon and tuba.
Upon the outbreak of World War I, Sousa was awarded a wartime commission of lieutenant commander to lead the Naval Reserve Band in Illinois. He then returned to conduct the Sousa Band until his death in 1932. In the 1920s, Sousa was promoted to the permanent rank of lieutenant commander in the naval reserve. Provided by Wikipedia
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2“...New Sousa Band...”
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3“...Sousa Band...”
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5Other Authors: “...Sousa Band...”
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6Other Authors: “...Sousa Band...”
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7Other Authors: “...Sousa Band...”
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8by Pryor, Arthur, 1870-1942Other Authors: “...Sousa's band...”
Published 1897
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9by Sousa, John Philip, 1854-1932“...Sousa Band...”
Published 1905
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10by Sousa, John Philip, 1854-1932“...Sousa Band...”
Published 1903
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11Published 1913“...Sousa Band...”
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12Published 1918“...Sousa Band...”
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13by Sousa, John Philip, 1854-1932“...Sousa Band...”
Published 1924
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14by Sousa, John Philip, 1854-1932“...Sousa Band...”
Published 1905
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15by Clarke, Herbert L (Herbert Lincoln), 1867-1945“...Sousa Band...”
Published 1908
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16by Strauss, Johann, 1825-1899“...Sousa Band...”
Published 1902
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17Published 1904“...Sousa Band...”
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18Published 1926“...Sousa Band...”
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19Published 1908“...Sousa Band...”
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20by Sousa, John Philip, 1854-1932“...Sousa Band...”
Published 1930
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