John Philip Sousa
John Philip Sousa ( , ; November 6, 1854 – March 6, 1932) was an American composer and conductor of the late Romantic era known primarily for American military marches. He is known as "The March King" or the "American March King", to distinguish him from his British counterpart Kenneth J. Alford. Among Sousa's best-known marches are "The Stars and Stripes Forever" (National March of the United States of America), "Semper Fidelis" (official march of the United States Marine Corps), "The Liberty Bell", "The Thunderer", and "The Washington Post".Sousa began his career playing violin and studying music theory and composition under John Esputa and George Felix Benkert. Sousa's father enlisted him in the United States Marine Band as an apprentice in 1868. He left the band in 1875, and over the next five years, Sousa performed as a violinist and learned to conduct. In 1880, he rejoined the Marine Band and served there for 12 years as director, after which Sousa was hired to conduct a band organized by David Blakely, P.S. Gilmore's former agent. Blakely wanted to compete with Gilmore. From 1880 until his death, Sousa focused exclusively on conducting and writing music. He aided in the development of the sousaphone, a large brass instrument similar to the helicon and tuba.
Upon the USA joining World War I, Sousa was awarded a wartime commission of lieutenant to lead the Naval Reserve Band in Illinois. He then returned to conduct the Sousa Band until his death in 1932. In the 1920s, Sousa was promoted to the permanent rank of lieutenant commander in the naval reserve. Provided by Wikipedia
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181“...Sousa Band...”
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182“...Sousa Band...”
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184“...Sousa Band...”
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186by Sousa, John Philip, 1854-1932“...Sousa Band...”
Published 1996
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187Published 1976“...Sousa Band...”
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188by Surette, Louis W.Other Authors: “...Sousa's Band, Banda Rossa, Gott's Poole's, Daggett's...”
Published 1906
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189Published 1976“...Sousa Band...”
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190Published 1976“...Sousa Band...”
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191Other Authors: “...Sousa Band...”
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193Published 1993“...Sousa Band...”
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194“...Sousa Band...”
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195Published 2007“...Sousa Band...”
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196Published 2017“...Sousa Band...”
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197Published 2005“...(Sousa's Band)...”
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198Published 2005“...(Sousa's Band)...”
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199Published 2005“...(Sousa's Band)...”
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200Published 2005“...(Sousa's Band)...”
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